منتديات نبع القيقبة
عزيزي الزائر/عزيزتي الزائرة
التسجيل سهل جدا وسريع وفي خطوة واحدة يرجي التكرم بتعريف نفسك إلينا بالدخول الي المنتدي
إذا كنت عضوا او التسجيل إن لم تكن عضو، وترغب في الإنضمام إلى أسرة منتديات نبع القيقبة
وتذكر دائما أن باب الإشراف مفتوح لكل من يريد
شكرا
إدارة المنتدي
منتديات نبع القيقبة
عزيزي الزائر/عزيزتي الزائرة
التسجيل سهل جدا وسريع وفي خطوة واحدة يرجي التكرم بتعريف نفسك إلينا بالدخول الي المنتدي
إذا كنت عضوا او التسجيل إن لم تكن عضو، وترغب في الإنضمام إلى أسرة منتديات نبع القيقبة
وتذكر دائما أن باب الإشراف مفتوح لكل من يريد
شكرا
إدارة المنتدي
منتديات نبع القيقبة
هل تريد التفاعل مع هذه المساهمة؟ كل ما عليك هو إنشاء حساب جديد ببضع خطوات أو تسجيل الدخول للمتابعة.

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 direct and indirect speech

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zermane alex
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zermane alex


ذكر
المساهمات : 81
العمر : 32
الموقع : zohir05.skyrock.com
العمل/الترفيه : i died long time a go so ica'nt work
المزاج : sa depend sur ma coupine
تاريخ التسجيل : 08/03/2010

direct and indirect speech Empty
مُساهمةموضوع: direct and indirect speech   direct and indirect speech Icon_minitimeالثلاثاء 16 مارس 2010, 10:27 pm

Pronoun change
In reported speech, the pronoun often changes.
For example:

Me
You
" I teach English online."
She said she teaches English online.
Indirect Speech / Reported Speech
Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.
When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.
For example:

Direct speech
Indirect speech
"I'm going to the cinema", he said.
He said he was going to the cinema
Tense change
As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense: (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right):

Direct speech
Indirect speech
Present simple
She said, "It's cold."
Past simple
She said it was cold.
Present continuous
She said, "I'm teaching English online."
Past continuous
She said she was teaching English online.
Present perfect simple
She said, "I've been on the web since 1999."
Past perfect simple
She said she had been on the web since 1999.
Present perfect continuous
She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years."
Past perfect continuous
She said she had been teaching English for seven years.
Past simple
She said, "I taught online yesterday."
Past perfect
She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous
She said, "I was teaching earlier."
Past perfect continuous
She said she had been teaching earlier.
Past perfect
She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived."
Past perfect
NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.
Past perfect continuous
She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes."
Past perfect continuous
NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.
Modal verb forms also sometimes change:

Direct speech
Indirect speech
will
She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow."
would
She said she would teach English online tomorrow.
can
She said, "I can teach English online."
could
She said she could teach English online.
must
She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online."
had to
She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.
shall
She said, "What shall we learn today?"
should
She asked what we should learn today.
may
She said, "May I open a new browser?"
might
She asked if she might open a new browser.
You can use the present tense in reported speech if you want to say that something is still true i.e. my name has always been and will always be Lynne so:-

Direct speech
Indirect speech
"My name is Lynne", she said.
She said her name was Lynne.
or
She said her name is Lynne.
You can also use the present tense if you are talking about a future event.

Direct speech (exact quote)
Indirect speech (not exact)
"Next week's lesson is on reported speech ", she said.
She said next week's lesson is on reported speech.
Time change
If the reported sentence contains an expression of time, you must change it to fit in with the time of reporting.
For example we need to change words like here and yesterday if they have different meanings at the time and place of reporting.

Today
+ 24 hours - Indirect speech
"Today's lesson is on presentations."
She said yesterday's lesson was on presentations.

Expressions of time if reported on a different day
this (evening)
that (evening)
today
yesterday ...
these (days)
those (days)
now
then
(a week) ago
(a week) before
last weekend
the weekend before last / the previous weekend
here
there
next (week)
the following (week)
tomorrow
the next/following day
In addition if you report something that someone said in a different place to where you heard it you must change the place (here) to the place (there).
For example:-

At work
At home
"How long have you worked here?"
She asked me how long I'd worked there.
الرجوع الى أعلى الصفحة اذهب الى الأسفل
zermane alex
نبــع فعال
نبــع فعال
zermane alex


ذكر
المساهمات : 81
العمر : 32
الموقع : zohir05.skyrock.com
العمل/الترفيه : i died long time a go so ica'nt work
المزاج : sa depend sur ma coupine
تاريخ التسجيل : 08/03/2010

direct and indirect speech Empty
مُساهمةموضوع: رد: direct and indirect speech   direct and indirect speech Icon_minitimeالثلاثاء 16 مارس 2010, 10:32 pm

this is my first topic in this forum so do not blame me if i made some mistakes 'cause i'm THE NEW MEMBER
الرجوع الى أعلى الصفحة اذهب الى الأسفل
المديرة العامة
الإدارة
الإدارة
المديرة العامة


direct and indirect speech Medal-19
انثى
المساهمات : 771
تاريخ التسجيل : 08/09/2008

direct and indirect speech Empty
مُساهمةموضوع: رد: direct and indirect speech   direct and indirect speech Icon_minitimeالأربعاء 17 مارس 2010, 1:33 am

thanke you very much for this topic it is very goode plais contines
الرجوع الى أعلى الصفحة اذهب الى الأسفل
عزيز
نبـــع ذهبي
نبـــع ذهبي
عزيز


ذكر
المساهمات : 835
العمر : 38
الموقع : ثنيلتيث
العمل/الترفيه : كرة القدم
تاريخ التسجيل : 10/05/2010

direct and indirect speech Empty
مُساهمةموضوع: رد: direct and indirect speech   direct and indirect speech Icon_minitimeالجمعة 11 يونيو 2010, 2:20 pm

مشكور انا مانعرفش الانكليزية ههههههههههههههههههههههههه
الرجوع الى أعلى الصفحة اذهب الى الأسفل
 
direct and indirect speech
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